BRUCE A. CARNES

Bruce Carnes received a B.S. in biology from the University of Utah in 1973, an M.S. in Population Biology from the in 1980. Dr. Carnes spent 19 years as a research scientist in the Division of Biological and Medical Research at Argonne Center located at the University of Chicago. Dr. Carnes is interested in why organisms die, why they die when they do, to develop and pursue two separate but related research agendas. In research funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) predict human mortality caused by radiation from historical data on comparably exposed laboratory animals. For example, research will contribute to NASA’s preparations to protect astronauts from radiation in space when they travel to Mars. he has already made to the emerging field of biodemography. By melding together biology and demography, Dr. Carnes estimating biologically imposed upper limits to the longevity of individuals and the life expectancy of populations, and Dr. Carnes devotes his time to research, writing scientific papers, giving lectures to students and making presentations.

Professional Biography


Personal Information: Date of birth: 15 June 1950  
  Marital Status: Married, three children  


Educational Background:

1975-1980 University of Kansas, Ph.D., Theoretical Ecology
1975-1980 University of Kansas, M.A., Mathematics (Statistics)
1973-1975 University of Houston, M.S., Population Biology
1968-1973 University of Utah, B.S., Biology

Professional Experience:

1999 - Senior Research Scientist
  National Opinion Research Center
  Center on Aging
  University of Chicago
1988-1999 Biologist and Biostatistician
  Interspecies Mortality Risk Extrapolation Project
  Center for Mechanistic Biology and Biotechnology
  Argonne National Laboratory
1995-1998 Research Associate
  Population Research Center
  Center on Aging
  University of Chicago
1982-1987 Assistant Biostatistician
  Radiation Genetics and Statistics Group
  Biological and Medical Research Division
  Argonne National Laboratory
1980-1981 Research Associate -Biostatistics
  Human Health Risk Analysis Group
  Biological and Medical Research Division
  Argonne National Laboratory
1975-1980 Teaching Assistant
  Department of Systematics and Ecology
  University of Kansas
Honors:

2003 Who's Who in America
2002 Inducted into Education Hall of Fame for Duncan, Oklahoma
1997 Laboratory Director’s Performance Bonus
1993 Argonne Exceptional Performance Award
1992 Argonne Exceptional Performance Award
1986 Argonne Pacesetter Award
1985 First Recipient: Argonne Pacesetter Award
1984 Sigma Xi (Promoted to full membership)
1979 Who's Who in the South
1979 Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award (Kansas University)
1979 Sigma Xi Society (Science)
1979 Phi Sigma Society (Biology)
1974 Foundation for Environmental Education Grant
1973 Graduated Cum Laude
1968 Athletic Scholarship (Wrestling)

Professional Organizations:

Population Association of America
Radiation Research
Sigma Xi

Committees:

NCRP Task Group on Interspecies Extrapolation (National)

Funding:

1999-2004 P.I. NIH/NIA (K02) Biodemography $92,000/yr
1999-2001 P.I. NASA Modeling Issues $310,000/yr
1998-1999 P.I. Argonne Natl. Lab. Radiation Risk Analysis $50,000
1996-1997 P.I. Argonne Natl. Lab. Manufactured Survival Time $45,000
1994-1995 Co-P.I. Social Security Admin. Biodemography $136,000
1993-1994 Co-P.I. Department of Energy Dose-response Modeling $67,000/yr
1987-1998 Co-P.I. Department of Energy Interspecies Extrapolation $300,000/yr
1986-1991 Co-P.I. Department of Energy Beagle Project $80,000/yr
1985-1987 Co-P.I. Department of Energy Radiation Risk Analysis $160,000/yr

Research Interests:

Biodemography/Biology of Aging/Population Aging
Biostatistics/Risk Analysis/Survival Analysis/Life Table Statistics
Comparative Mortality Studies/Interspecies Predictions
Radiation Biology/Dose-response Modeling

Publications Pending or In Progress:

Carnes, B.A., S.J. Olshansky and D. Grahn. 2003. Biological evidence for limits to the duration of life. Biogerontology (in press).

Carnes, B.A., D. Grahn, and D. Hoel. 2002. Mortality of atomic bomb survivors predicted from laboratory animals. Radiation Research (under review).

Carnes, B.A.. 2002. Report of Scientific Committee 1-4. Extrapolation of Risks from Nonhuman Experimental Systems to Man.. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements ( wrote 2 chapters in this report, under revision).

Carnes, B.A. and S.J. Olshansky. 2002. A biodemographic examination of intrinsic mortality. (in progress).

Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S., Olshansky S.J., B.A. Carnes. 2002. Genealogical data and biodemography of human longevity. Social Biology, 49(1-2) (in press).

Groer, P. and B.A. Carnes. 2002. Bayesian estimation of dose thresholds. Radiation Protection Dosimetry (in press).

Olshansky, S.J. and B.A. Carnes. 2002. The Biology of Aging and the Duration of Life. Encyclopedia of Aging (in press).

Olshansky, S. Jay and B.A. Carnes. . 2002. A journey through the interdisciplinary landscape of biodemography. (Book chapter, Oxford University Press, in press).

Olshansky, S. Jay and B.A. Carnes. 2002. Biological implications of the demography of aging. In Topics in the Biology of Aging, Vincent J. Cristofalo and Richard C. Adelman, Co-Editors, Volume 21, Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, K. Warner Schaie, Series Editor-in-Chief, Springer Publishing Company, Inc. (accepted).

Olshansky, S. Jay, J. Brody, B.A. Carnes, and M. Grant. 2002. Biodemographic perspectives on epidemiology and mortality. Demography (submitted).
Books (Published):

Olshansky, S. Jay, and B.A. Carnes. 2001. The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging. New York: Norton Press.


Journal Articles(Published):

Carnes, B.A. Carnes, B.A., N. Gavrilova, and D. Grahn. 2002. Pathology effects at radiation doses below those causing increased mortality. Radiation Research 158(2): 187-194.
Olshansky, S.J., B.A. Carnes, and J. Brody. 2002. A biodemographic interpretation of lifespan. Population and Development Review 28(3): 501-513.

Olshansky, S.J., L. Hayflick, L and B.A. Carnes. 2002. No truth to the Fountain of Youth. Scientific American 286(6): 78-81.

Olshansky, S.J., L. Hayflick. and B.A. Carnes. 2002. Position statement on human aging. Scientific American (http://www.sciam.com/explorations/2002/051302aging/html), also Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences 57A(8): B1-B6.

Carnes, B.A. and N. Gavrilova. 2001. Risk analysis: Divergent models and convergent interpretations. Radiation Research 156: 628-630.

Carnes, B.A. and S. Jay Olshansky. 2001. Heterogeneity and its biodemographic implications for longevity and mortality. Journal of Experimental Gerontology 36(3): 419-430.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, and A. Désesquelles. 2001. Still in search of Methuselah: Prospects for human longevity in an aging world. Science 291: 1491-1492.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, and R. Butler. If humans were built to last. 2001. Scientific American 28: 50-55.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, R.G. Rogers and L. Smith. 2000. Emerging infectious disease: the Fifth stage of the epidemiologic transition. World Health Statistics Quarterly 51: 207-217.

Carnes, B.A., S. Jay Olshansky, L. Gavrilov, N. Gavrilova, and D. Grahn. 1999. Human longevity: Nature vs Nurture - Fact or Fiction. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 42(3): 422- 441.

Carnes, B.A., S. Jay Olshansky, and D. Grahn. 1998. An interspecies prediction of the risk of radiation-induced mortality. Radiation Research 149: 487- 492.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, and D. Grahn. 1998. Confronting the boundaries of human longevity. American Scientist 86: 52- 61.

Carnes, B.A., P.G. Groer, and T. Kotek. 1997. Dial workers: dose-response and modeling issues. Radiation Research 147: 707-714.

Carnes, B.A and S. Jay Olshansky. 1997. A biologically motivated partitioning of mortality. Experimental Gerontology 32(6): 615-631.

Olshansky, S. Jay, and B.A. Carnes. 1997. Ever since Gompertz. Demography 34(1): 1-15.

Carnes, B.A., S. Jay Olshansky, and Douglas Grahn. 1996. Continuing the search for a law of mortality. Population and Development Review 22: 231-264.

Grdina, D.J., and B.A. Carnes. 1994. Chemoprevention by WR-2721. Libri Oncologi 23: 11-16.

Olshansky, S. Jay, and B.A. Carnes. 1994. Demographic perspectives on human longevity. Population and Development Review 20(1): 57-80.

Carnes, B.A., and T.E. Fritz. 1993. Continuous irradiation of beagles by gamma rays. Radiation Research 136: 103 -110.

Carnes, B.A., and S. Jay Olshansky. 1993. Evolutionary perspectives on human longevity. Population and Development Review 19(4): 793-806.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, C. Cassel. 1993. The aging of the human species. Scientific American, 268(4): 46-52.

Seed, T., B.A. Carnes, D. Tolle, and T. Fritz. 1993. Blood responses under chronic low daily dose gamma irradiation: II. Differential preclinical responses of irradiated female dogs in progression to either aplastic anemia or to myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia Research 17: 411-420.

Carnes, B.A., and D.J. Grdina. 1992. In vivo protection by the aminothiol WR-2721 against neutron-induced carcinogenicity. International Journal of Radiation Biology 61: 567-576.

Grahn, D., L.S. Lombard, and B.A. Carnes. 1992. The comparative tumorigenic effects of fission neutrons and cobalt-60 gamma rays in the B6CF1 mouse. Radiation Research 129: 19-36.

Grdina, D.J., B.A. Carnes, and B. Nagy. 1992. Protection by WR-2721 and WR-151327 against late effects of gamma rays and neutrons. Advances in Space Research 12 (2-3): 257-263.

Carnes, B.A., and T.E. Fritz. 1991. Responses of the beagle to protracted irradiation. I. Effect of total dose and dose rate. Radiation Research 128: 125-132.

Carnes, B.A., and D. Grahn. 1991. Issues about neutron effects: the JANUS program. Radiation Research 128: S141-S146.

Grdina, D.J., B.A. Carnes, D. Grahn, and C.P. Sigdestad. 1991. Protection against late effects of radiation by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid. Cancer Research 51: 4125-4130.

Grdina, D.J., B.J. Wright, and B.A. Carnes. 1991. Protection by WR-151327 against late-effect damage from fission-spectrum neutrons. Radiation Research 128: S124-S127.

Olshansky, S. Jay, M.A. Rudberg, B.A. Carnes, C.K. Cassel, and J.A. Brody. 1991. Trading off longer life for worsening health: the expansion of morbidity hypothesis. Journal of Aging and Health 3: 194-216.

Carnes, B.A. 1990. Survival analysis in long-term animal experiments. Radiation Research 124: 369-370.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, and C. Cassel. 1990. In search of Methuselah: estimating the upper limits to human longevity. Science 250: 634-640.

Carnes, B.A., D. Grahn, and J.F. Thomson. 1989. Dose-response modeling of life shortening in a retrospective analysis of the combined data from the JANUS program at Argonne National Laboratory. Radiation Research 119: 39-56.

Grdina, D.J., C.P. Sigdestad, and B.A. Carnes. 1989. Protection by WR1065 and WR151326 against fission-neutron-induced mutations at the HGPRT locus in V79 cells. Radiation Research 117: 500-510.

Peak, M.J., J.G. Peak, B.A. Carnes, C.M. Chang Liu, and C.K. Hill. 1989. DNA damage and repair in rodent and human cells after exposure to JANUS fission spectrum neutrons: single-strand breaks as revealed by alkaline elution are refractors to repair. International Journal of Radiation Biology 55: 761-772.

Seed, T.M., B.A. Carnes, D.V. Tolle, and T.E. Fritz. 1989. Blood responses under chronic low daily dose gamma irradiation. I. Differential preclinical responses of irradiated male dogs in progression to either aplastic anemia or myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia Research 13: 1069-1084.

Bhattacharyya, M.H., B.D. Whelton, D.P. Peterson, B.A. Carnes, E.S. Moretti, J.M. Toomey, and L.L. Williams. 1988. Skeletal changes in multiparous mice fed a nutrient-sufficient diet containing cadmium. Toxicology 50: 193-204

Bhattacharyya, M.H., B.D. Whelton, D.P. Peterson, B.A. Carnes, M.S. Guram, and E.S. Moretti. 1988. Kidney changes in multiparous mice fed a nutrient-sufficient diet containing cadmium. Toxicology 50: 205- 215.

Carnes, B.A., and N.A. Slade. 1988. The use of regression for detecting competition with multicollinear data. Ecology 69: 1266-1274.

Grahn, D., and B.A. Carnes. 1988. Genetic injury in hybrid male mice exposed to low doses of 60Co (-rays or fission neutrons. III. Frequencies of abnormal sperm and reciprocal translocations measured during and following long-term weekly exposures. Mutation Research 198:285-294.

Peraino, C., B.A. Carnes, F.J. Stevens, E.F. Staffeldt, J.J. Russell, A. Prapuolenis, and J.A. Blomquist. 1988. Comparative developmental and phenotypic properties of altered hepatocyte foci and hepatic tumors in rats. Cancer Research 48: 4171-1478.

Whelton, B.D., M.H. Bhattacharyya, B.A. Carnes, E.S. Moretti, and D.P. Peterson. 1988. Female reproduction and pup survival and growth for mice fed a cadmium-containing purified diet through six consecutive rounds of gestation and lactation. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 24: 321- 343.

Peak, M.J., J.G. Peak, and B.A. Carnes. 1987. Induction of direct and indirect single-strand breaks in human cell DNA by far- and near-ultraviolet radiations: action spectrum and mechanisms. Photochemistry and Photobiology 45: 381-387.

Peraino, C., D.J. Grdina, E.F. Staffeldt, J.J. Russell, A. Prapuolenis, and B.A. Carnes. 1987. Effects of separate and combined treatments with gamma radiation and diethylnitrosamine in neonatal rats on the induction of altered hepatocyte foci and hepatic tumors. Carcinogenesis 8(4): 599-600.

Peraino, C., D.A. Haugen, B.A. Carnes, C.A. Reilly, Jr., D.L. Springer, and D.D. Mahlum. 1987. Phenotypically selective promotion of diethylnitrosamine-initiated altered hepatocyte foci by dietary phenobarbital or a topically applied coal-derived organic mixture in male and female rats. Cancer Letters 37: 133-138.

Russell, J.J., E.F. Staffeldt, B.J. Wright, A. Prapuolenis, B.A. Carnes, and C. Peraino. 1987. Effects of rat strain, diet composition, and phenobarbital on hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase histo-chemistry and on the induction of altered hepatocyte foci and hepatic tumors by diethylnitrosamine. Cancer Research 47: 1130-1134.

Peraino, C., B.A. Carnes, and F.J. Stevens. 1986. Evidence for growth heterogeneity among foci with different phenotypes in the population of altered hepatocyte foci induced by a single neonatal treatment with carcinogen. Carcinogenesis 7: 191-192.

Peraino, C., D.J. Grdina, and B.A. Carnes. 1986. Synergistic induction of altered hepatocyte foci by combined gamma radiation and diethyl-nitrosamine administration to neonatal rats. Carcinogenesis 7: 445- 448.

Carnes, B.A., S.S. Dornfeld, and M.J. Peak. 1985. A quantitative comparison of a percentile rule with the twofold rule for assessing mutagenicity in the Ames assay. Mutation Research 147: 15-21.

Grdina, D.J., C. Peraino, B.A. Carnes, and C.K. Hill. 1985. Protective effect of [S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid] against induction of altered hepatocyte foci in rats treated once with gamma irradiation within one day after birth. Cancer Research 45: 5379- 5381.

Hill, C.K., B.A. Carnes, A. Han, and M.M. Elkind. 1985. Neoplastic transformation is enhanced by multiple low doses of fission-spectrum neutrons. Radiation Research 102: 404-410.

Miller, R.M., B.A. Carnes, and T.B. Moorman. 1985. Factors influencing survival of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza propagules during topsoil storage. Journal of Applied Ecology 22: 259-266.

Grahn, D., B.A. Carnes, and B.H. Farrington. 1985. Genetic injury in hybrid male mice exposed to low doses of 60Co gamma rays or fission neutrons. II. Dominant lethal mutation response to long term weekly exposures. Mutation Research 162: 81-89.

Grahn, D., J.F. Thomson, B.A. Carnes, F.S. Williamson, and L.S. Lombard. 1985. Comparative biological effects of low dose, low dose-rate exposures to fission neutrons from the JANUS reactor or to 60Co gamma rays. Nuclear Science Applications, Section B, 2: 385-396.

Grahn, D., B.A. Carnes, B.H. Farrington, and C.H. Lee. 1984. Genetic injury in hybrid mice exposed to low doses of 60Co gamma rays or fission neutrons. I. Response to single doses. Mutation Research 129: 215-229.

Peraino, C., E.F. Staffeldt, B.A. Carnes, V.A. Ludeman, J.A. Blomquist, and S.D. Vesselinovitch. 1984. Characterization of histochemically detectable altered hepatocyte foci and their relationship to hepatic tumorigenesis in rats treated once with diethylnitrosamine or benzo(a)pyrene within one day after birth. Cancer Research 44: 3340-3347.

Kincaid, W.B., G.N. Cameron, and B.A. Carnes. 1983. Patterns of habitat utilization in sympatric rodents on the Texas coastal prairie. Ecology 64(6): 1471-1480.

Rahman, Y.E., E.A. Cerny, E.H. Lav, and B.A. Carnes. 1983. Enhanced iron removal from liver parenchymal cells in experimental iron overload. Liposome encapsulation of HBED and phenobarbital administration. Blood 62: 209-213.

Carnes, B.A., and N. A. Slade. 1982. Some comments on niche analysis in canonical space. Ecology 63(4): 888-893.

Cameron, G.N., W.B. Kincaid, and B.A. Carnes. 1975. Experimental species removal: temporal activity patterns of Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens. Journal of Mammalogy 60(1): 195-197.

Book Chapters, Bulletins, Reports, Other (Published):

Carnes, B.A. and S. Jay Olshansky. 2001. Interspecies patterns of age-related mortality. In: ILSI Monograph on the Pathobiology of the Aging Dog, Iowa State University Press.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, R.G. Rogers, and L. Smith. 1997. Infectious diseases - new and ancient threats to world health. Population Bulletin 52(2): 1-47.

Olshansky, S. Jay, and B.A. Carnes. 1996. Prospect for extended survival: a critical review of the biological evidence. In: Health and Mortality Among Elderly Populations, pp. 39-58, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Grahn, D., B.J. Wright, B.A. Carnes, F.S. Williamson, C. Fox. 1995. Studies of Acute and Chronic Radiation Injury at the Biological and Medical Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 1970-1992: The Janus Program: Survival and Pathology Data. Chicago: ANL-95/3.

Groer, P.G., and B.A. Carnes. 1994. Bayesian estimation of incidence change-points in low dose experimental and epidemiologic studies. In: Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures to Chemicals, Vol. II, Chapter 13, pp. 202-204, Lewis Publishers, London.

Olshansky, S. Jay, B.A. Carnes, and C. Cassel. 1993. Letter: Fruit fly aging and mortality. Science 260: 1565! 1566.

Grahn, D., J.F. Thomson, and B.A. Carnes. 1990. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission neutrons and gamma rays at occupational exposure levels. Vol. III. Studies on the Gross and Microscopic Pathology Observed at Death of Mice Exposed to 60 Equal Once-Weekly Doses of Fission Neutrons and Gamma Rays. NUREG/CR-4704, Vol. 3 (ANL-86-33 Vol. 3).

Fry, R.J.M., and B.A. Carnes. 1989. Age, sex, and other factors in radiation carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the 14th L. H. Gray Conference, pp. 195-206, Oxford, England.

Grahn, D., and B.A. Carnes. 1986. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission neutrons and gamma rays to occupational exposure levels. Vol I. Studies on the Genetic Effects in Mice of 60 Equal Once-Weekly Exposures to Fission Neutrons and Gamma Rays. NUREG/CR-4704, Vol. 1 (ANL-86-33 Vol. 1).

Seed, T.M., T.E. Fritz, D.V. Tolle, C.M. Poole, L.S. Lombard, D.E. Doyle, L.V. Kaspar, S.M. Cullen, and B.A. Carnes. 1984. Survival patterns and hemopathological responses of dogs under continuous gamma irradiation. In: Response of Different Species to Total Body Irradiation, pp. 137-159. J.J. Broerse and T.J. MacVittie, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, MA.

Peraino, C., E.F. Staffeldt, B.A. Carnes, and V.A. Ludeman. 1984. Relationship of histochemically detectable altered hepatocyte foci to hepatic tumorigenesis. Proceedings of a Symposium organized by the Hungarian Cancer Society and the IARC, Budapest, Hungary, May 16-18, 1983, Models, Mechanisms and Etiology of Tumour Promotion, pp. 37-55. M. Borzsonyi, N.E. Day, K. Lapis, and H. Yamasaki, eds., University Press, New York, NY.

Carnes, B.A., and M.E. Ginevan. 1983. Estimation of the ridge constant: an approach based on the condition index. American Statistical Association Abstracts, pg. 69.

Ginevan, M.E., and B.A. Carnes. 1983. A pictorial approach to some concepts in multiple regression analysis. American Statistical Association Abstracts, pg. 81.

Carnes, B.A., M.E. Ginevan, and J.J. Collins. 1981. Multivariate methods for assessing disease/environment association: conceptual versus geographic regions. Environmetrics Summaries: 212-213.

Ginevan, M.E., and B.A. Carnes. 1981. Approaches to problems of collinearity and dimensionality in studies of disease-environment association. DOE (Department of Energy) Statistical Symposium: 119- 124.

Carnes, B.A. 1980. Habitat selection in a prairie rodent community. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Kansas.

Collins, J.J., B.A. Carnes, and M.E. Ginevan. 1980. Methods of assessing regional versus national patterns in county level health-environmental data. Integrated County-Level User's Workshop. Reston, Virginia.

Carnes, B.A. 1975. Effects of interspecific interaction on habitat utilization of Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens. Master's Thesis. University of Houston.

Media Exposure:

Television: 1) Wisdom TV: Book Tours with Corrine Edwards, 2) Fox News Chicago, 3) Bob Bazell Interview: NBC Evening News with Tom Brokaw, 4) Discovery Channel Canada: Program on Perfect Man, Perfect Woman (based on our Scientific American Paper), 5) PBS (Ward TV): Secrets of the Sequence

Film: Flight from Death: The Quest for Immortality by Patrick Chen (documentary to be submitted to the Sundance Film Festival, 2002)

Radio Programs (½ hour - 2 hours): 1) The Milt Rosenberg Program (WGN Radio, 2 hours, tape available), 2) Gretchen Helfrich Odyssey (WBEZ, NPR Chicago, 1 ½ hour, tape availabe), 3) David Inge (WILL-AM, NPR University of Illinois, 30 minutes), 4) Radio Health Journal (Reed Pence, 45 minutes), 5) DNA files (David Hockenberry, NPR, 2 hour interview), 6) Ken Hamlin Show (American View Radio Network, Denver), 7) Michio Kaku Show (New York City), 8) David Newman (Detroit ABC Radio), 9) National Scottish Radio, 10) BBC, 11) NPR (SLC, Utah), 12) Voice of America.

Newspaper: 1) Dallas Morning News (Aug 2002), 2) Life Times ( July 2002), 3) Tampa Bay Tribune (July 2002) 4) San Franciso Chronicle (Keay Davidson, Feb 2001), 5) LifeTimes, feature articles, (Margaret Schmidt, HMO Illinois; March & May 2001), 6) Chicago Tribune, feature article, (Michele Weldon, Health Reporter; May 2001), 7) La Tercera (Ricardo Acevedo, Chile, 2001), 8) New York Times (Jane E. Brody, appeared nationally, 4 April 2001), 9) Chicago Sun Times, feature (16 October 2000), 10) Naperville Sun, 13 June 1993

Internet: 1) Barnes & Noble (Laura Wood - discussion of book), 2) Web MD (Jeanie Davis, 4 Oct 2000), 3) Newsday.com (David Kohn), 4) Praxis Post MD (10 April 2001, Washington Post review of book), 5) Body1.com, 6) valleystar.com (Bob Condor, Chicago Tribune, 24 Feb 2001), 7) ABC News.com.

Magazines: 1) Chicago Tribune Magazine, April 2002 (feature article); 2) Reinsurance Reporter, Swiss Reinsurance, 2002 (feature article), 3) Chicago Magazine, August 2000 (feature article), 4) Self, March 1999 (feature article).

Book Reviews: Publishers Weekly, 27 November 2000; Washington Post Book World, 11 Feb 2001 (Susan Okie); New England Journal of Medicine, 22 March 2001 (Howard Chertkow, M.D.); Natural History Magazine, 3 April 2001 (Steven Austad); Radiation Research 156: 334-336, 2001 (Len Hayflick), Chicago Sun Times, March 2001; Quarterly Review of Biology 76: 531, 2002 (Brian Charlesworth), London Review of Books, Jan 2002 (Ian Glynn), Biogerontology 3: 191-192, 2002 (Suresh Rattan).